Ethan Dumfries, Author at The Edu Law

Feb 10

Criminal, Law

Difference Between Voluntary and Involuntary Intoxication Under Criminal Law

Under criminal law, voluntary intoxication rarely excuses criminal liability, while involuntary intoxication can, in limited circumstances, function as a full legal defense. The difference hinges on personal choice, foreseeability, and the defendant’s mental state at the time of the offense. Courts treat these two forms of intoxication very differently because one involves a conscious decision […]

by Ethan Dumfries

Difference Between Law and Justice With Examples

Feb 5

Other

Difference Between Law and Justice With Examples

Law and justice are related but not identical. Law refers to a system of written rules enforced by institutions such as courts, police, and regulatory agencies. Justice, by contrast, is a broader moral idea focused on fairness, equity, and what people believe ought to be right. A legal system can function correctly while still producing […]

by Ethan Dumfries

Can a School Suspend a Student Without Due Process – Rules and Timelines

Feb 4

Education, Law

Can a School Suspend a Student Without Due Process – Rules and Timelines

A school generally cannot suspend a student without some form of due process, but the amount of process required depends on the length of the suspension, whether the school is public or private, and the jurisdiction. In U.S. public schools, even short suspensions require minimal due process protections, while long-term suspensions and expulsions require formal […]

by Ethan Dumfries

Title IX Complaint Process Explained – Timelines, Evidence, Outcomes

Feb 3

Education, Law

Title IX Complaint Process Explained – Timelines, Evidence, Outcomes

The direct answer is this: the Title IX complaint process is a structured civil rights procedure that allows students, parents, and employees to report sex-based discrimination or harassment, requires schools to follow specific investigation steps and timelines, and can result in remedies, disciplinary actions, or federal enforcement depending on findings. It is not a criminal […]

by Ethan Dumfries

Can Schools Ban Certain Hairstyles or Clothing? Constitutional Limits Explained

Feb 2

Constitutional, Law

Can Schools Ban Certain Hairstyles or Clothing? Constitutional Limits Explained

The clear legal answer is this: schools can regulate hairstyles and clothing, but only within constitutional limits, and those limits are tighter than many school policies assume. Public schools, as government actors, must respect students’ constitutional rights. Dress codes and grooming rules are allowed, but bans that are arbitrary, discriminatory, unrelated to education, or that […]

by Ethan Dumfries

Truancy Laws By State – Penalties, Court Process, Parent Liability

Jan 26

Education, Law

Truancy Laws By State – Penalties, Court Process, Parent Liability

Truancy refers to unexcused absences as defined by state statutes and education codes across the United States. Legal attention toward absenteeism exists to improve academic outcomes and reduce links to juvenile delinquency. Federal involvement increased after the passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act, which encouraged states to track chronic absenteeism and take corrective action […]

by Ethan Dumfries

Can a School Search a Student Phone: Fourth Amendment Rules And Exceptions

Jan 5

Constitutional, Law

Can a School Search a Student Phone: Fourth Amendment Rules And Exceptions

Phones became the default pocket computer for teenagers. Texts, photos, location history, social media, browsing trails, even banking and health apps now live inside one small device that never leaves a student’s hand. School administrators face real safety and discipline problems that often connect directly to phone use. Courts have had to stretch older Fourth […]

by Ethan Dumfries

Concept of Pluralism Under the Indian Constitution Explained

Dec 23

Constitutional

Concept of Pluralism Under the Indian Constitution Explained

Under the Indian Constitution, pluralism is not a symbolic ideal but a structural principle embedded in the text, interpretation, and daily operation of the legal system. The Constitution recognizes India as a society of multiple religions, languages, cultures, castes, and political beliefs, and it is designed to protect coexistence rather than enforce uniformity. Pluralism in […]

by Ethan Dumfries

Operation Level Up: How the FBI and Secret Service Identify Crypto Investment Fraud Victims

Dec 22

Cases

Operation Level Up: How the FBI and Secret Service Identify Crypto Investment Fraud Victims

Operation Level Up is a federal initiative launched in early 2024 that allows U.S. law enforcement to identify people who are actively losing money in crypto investment scams and intervene before further losses occur. The program is led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation with operational and financial crime support from the United States Secret […]

by Ethan Dumfries

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Explained – What It Does and Who It Protects

Dec 19

Law

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Explained – What It Does and Who It Protects

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a U.S. federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability in programs and activities conducted by federal agencies, receiving federal financial assistance, or carried out by federal contractors. In practical terms, it requires the federal government and federally funded entities to provide equal access, reasonable accommodations, and […]

by Ethan Dumfries